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1992-10-07
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MiNT is Not TOS: A Multitasking Operating System Extension for the Atari ST
Copyright 1990,1991,1992 Eric R. Smith. All rights reserved. See the file
"copying" for conditions of redistribution.
WARNING: This program does some very low level things to your computer.
MiNT works well on my machine, and I trust my data to it. But
then, I make regular backups, so even if a horrible bug in MiNT that
I haven't found yet trashes my hard drive, I won't lose much. You'll
have to decide for yourself about trusting your data to MiNT. I would
certainly recommend regular backups in any event.
MiNT COMES WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, NOR WILL I BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DAMAGES INCURRED FROM THE USE OF IT. USE ENTIRELY AT YOUR OWN RISK!!!
Introduction
MiNT is an extension of (and eventually, I hope, a replacement for) TOS.
It provides extra services such as multitasking and pipes. If you don't
know what those terms mean, MiNT is probably not for you -- at this stage,
MiNT is still very incomplete and should be regarded as "experimental".
MiNT will run a great number of ("most", I hope) TOS programs, including
GEM. As the name says, though, MiNT is not TOS, so it can't be expected to
run all TOS programs, or even all well-behaved TOS programs (although I hope
that it will run "almost all" of the latter!). There are two classes of
incompatibilities with TOS: bugs and features. Bugs are undoubtedly
present; if you find any please report them to me. There are also some
features of MiNT that may cause incompatibilites. Most of these are listed
in the accompanying "features" file.
MiNT tries to emulate TOS 1.4 very closely. If you have TOS 1.0 or 1.2,
you may think you can use MiNT instead of buying TOS 1.4. This isn't really
a very good idea, because MiNT calls TOS, and so having the newer version
of TOS will really speed things up. Besides, the GEM that comes with TOS 1.4
is a lot better than the old GEM.
Using MiNT
MiNT can be started from an AUTO folder, by setting it as a BOOT program
on the desktop (TOS 1.4 or higher only) or by running it. I prefer the AUTO
folder way myself.
If you put it in an AUTO folder, it should be the last thing in the folder
(since any later programs in the folder will run only after MiNT is finished,
and MiNT should never finish). MiNT will try to run a program called
"init.prg" in the current directory (which is the root directory if MiNT
was started from an AUTO folder). If this program isn't found, MiNT will
boot up GEM. You can change the name of the initial program to run
via the "mint.cnf" file (see below).
Once MiNT is running, the computer should behave just as it does under TOS,
except that some new drives (U, Q, V, and X) will be available, background
processes can be started, and programs can use the new features of MiNT.
MiNT can be asked to provide a trace of the currently executing programs.
Hitting CTRL-ALT-F1 increases the debugging level; hitting CTRL-ALT-F2
decreases it, and hitting CTRL-ALT-F3 changes where the debugging output
goes; pressing it once changes it from the screen to the printer, pressing
it again changes it to the RS232 port, pressing a third time sends debugging
output to the MIDI port. Pressing CTRL-ALT-F4 resets output to the screen.
This feature was designed to aid in debugging MiNT itself, but can also be
useful in finding problems with user programs. Debugging level 0 (the normal)
prints messages only when something goes seriously wrong inside of MiNT itself.
Debugging level 1 prints a message when any system call fails. Debugging level
2 provides a (sickeningly) exhaustive trace of what's going on in the system.
CTRL-ALT-F5 shows what memory is being used in the system
CTRL-ALT-F6 prints a list of all processes in the system
CTRL-ALT-DEL provides a (warm) boot, as in TOS >= 1.4, and
CTRL-ALT-SHIFT-DEL provides a cold boot.
Some other keys are recognized by MiNT if the process is doing I/O in
"cooked" mode:
^C (CTRL-C): interrupt running program with signal SIGINT. This (usually)
will kill the process, unless it has made arrangements to catch it.
Note that ^C takes effect immediately under MiNT, whereas under TOS
it only takes effect when the process reads or writes.
^\: send a QUIT signal to a process; usually the same end result as ^C, but
it is guaranteed to kill a TOS program (only MiNT specific programs
know how to catch it). Use with caution.
^Z: suspend the current process
These keys do *not* have any effect on processes operating in "raw" mode,
such as editors. However, you can force these to work even on such programs
by holding down the ALT key as well, i.e. CTRL-ALT-Z will always suspend
the process. You should use caution when doing this, since some programs
will function incorrectly and/or lose data if interrupted when they
aren't expecting it.
The MiNT Configuration File
If MiNT finds a file called "mint.cnf" in the directory that it was
started from, it will read some configuration information from it. This
file is an ordinary ASCII text file; it can be created with any editor
that will produce plain ASCII files (if you're using a fancy word
processor, make sure you save the file as "plain ASCII text" or
"unformatted text" or whatever).
The commands in mint.cnf are placed one per line, and may be of the following
forms:
INIT=d:\foo\bar.prg
This specifies the drive and full path name to the program you
want MiNT to run at boot up time. The default is try ".\init.prg",
if that file exists, otherwise to run the GEM desktop.
HARDSCROLL=25
This specifies that hardware scrolling should be used for
the u:\dev\fasttext text accelerator. This dramatically speeds
up text operations, but may interfere with GEM and graphics
programs. Put this line *before* any use of u:\dev\fasttext.
CON=u:\dev\fasttext
Specifies the use of MiNT's built in text accelerator instead
of the normal BIOS console. This speeds up text output quite
a bit (more than 300%) but may not be completely compatible;
in particular, the escape codes for setting foreground/background
character colors are not supported.
PRN=d:\foo\bar
Specifies a file that should be used for all printer output.
(The default is u:\dev\centr, which is the device corresponding
to the centronics port.)
alias d: c:\path
Creates a "fake" drive (with letter d:) which actually points
to the directoy "c:\path". Access to files on d: are translated
appropriately (e.g. "d:\foo" is the same as "c:\path\foo").
cd d:\foo
Change the current drive and directory. This isn't terribly
useful, unless your initial program (see above) expects to run
with some particular directory as the current one.
exec d:\bin\prog.prg arg1 arg2 ...
Execute a program, with some arguments. The full path name and
extension (.prg, .tos, .ttp, or whatever) of the program to
execute must be given.
ren d:\nm1 d:\nm2
Rename a file or directory. This is useful mainly on the pseudo-drive
v:, which refers to devices. For example, the RS232 port on the ST
is called "v:\modem1". Earlier versions of MiNT called this
"v:\rs232", so if your programs care about this you might want
to put "ren v:\modem1 v:\rs232" to maintain compatibility.
Similarly, if your software has been ported from Unix and expects
terminals to be called "tty*", then you might want to put
"ren v:\modem1 v:\tty1" instead.
setenv FOO BAR
Set the environment variable FOO to the value BAR. NOTE: If any
setenv commands are given in mint.cnf, an entirely new environment
is constructed; this means that any environment variables set by
a program in the AUTO folder will be ignored by programs run under
MiNT. This allows you to have two default environments, one for
running under MiNT set in mint.cnf, and one for normal TOS set
by an AUTO folder program.
sln d:\foo\bar u:\baz
Create a symbolic link called "u:\baz" for the file (or directory)
d:\foo\bar. Only drive u: supports symbolic links, so the second
name *must* be on drive u:; the first name can be anything.
A symbolic link is just an alias or nic